整流支板和火焰稳定器的一体化设计及性能分析

针对航空发动机高推质比、高隐身的需求,提出一种加力燃烧室整流支板和火焰稳定器一体化设计的方法,并开展了相关模型加力燃烧室的计算和试验研究.研究结果表明:采用一体化设计加力燃烧室,能够缩短加力燃烧室长度,大幅降低非加力状态的冷态流阻,明显改善发动机加力燃烧室的性能,提高发动机的推质比.可为解决高推质比、高隐身发动机技术提供了一种新的思路和研究方向.      

基于并行多目标遗传算法大涵道分开式排气系统气动优化设计

通过引入快速非支配排序算法、拥挤距离以及拥挤距离比较算子等对基本遗传算法进行改进,并结合massage passing interface(MPI)并行编程技术,发展了主从式并行多目标遗传算法(PMGA).将PMGA与排气系统型面参数化设计方法、Navier-Stokes方程求解器相结合建立了分开式排气系统气动优化设计平台.应用该平台对某型分开式排气系统进行了多目标优化设计,得到了一组在三个目标上都优于初始设计的Pareto最优设计.将典型的Pareto最优设计和初始设计进行分析、比较,证明了该气动优化设计平台的高效性和可靠性.      

Integration of high-fidelity model of forward variable area bypass injector into zero-dimensional variable cycle engine model

Forward Variable Area Bypass Injector (FVABI) is one of key components which contributes to modulate the cycle parameters of Variable Cycle Engine (VCE) under various operation conditions. The modeling method of zero-dimensional FVABI was reviewed and its deficiency was analyzed based on FVABI flow characteristic. In order to improve the accuracy of VCE performance simulation, the high-fidelity modeling method of FVABI was developed based on its working characteristics. Then it was coupled with the zero-dimensional VCE model and the multi-level VCE model was built. The results indicate that the geometric and aerodynamic parameters can affect the interaction between the two airflows and the zero-dimensional FVABI model is too simple to predict the component performance accurately, especially when the FVABI inner bypass is chocked. Based on the performance curves for single bypass mode and the regression model of multi-scale support vector regression for double bypass mode, the high-fidelity model can predict FVABI performance accurately and rapidly. The integration of high-fidelity FVABI model into zero-dimensional VCE model can be done by adjusting iterative variables and balance equations. The multi-level model has good convergence and it can predict VCE performance when the FVABI inner bypass is chocked.     

空间闭式布雷顿循环旁路调节特性分析

闭式布雷顿循环是未来空间大功率热电转换的有效途径,而旁路调节是实现系统快速功率调节和转速控制的有效手段。通过对标美国普罗米修斯计划中的热电转换系统参数,进行了涡轮、压气机的气动设计和换热器性能计算,获得了包括组件特性、管道布局的热电转换系统动态仿真模型。基于该动态模型,对旁通阀不同响应时间、开度对系统功率、转速和循环温度、压力等参数影响进行仿真研究。空间闭式布雷顿循环系统在旁通阀开启后,系统功率和转速快速下降,其中功率出现了超调现象;循环高压侧压力下降且低压侧压力上升;回热器热侧入口温度增加而冷侧入口温度下降,热应力进一步提高。系统容积的提高,在一定程度上可以降低系统对旁通阀调节的敏感性。     

采用锯齿冠状混合器的加力燃烧室燃烧特性数值研究

基于计算流体动力学(CFD)技术,采用涡耗散燃烧模型对环形混合器和锯齿冠状混合器的加力燃烧进行三维两相化学反应流的数值模拟.计算结果表明:相对于环形混合器,锯齿冠状混合器能够显著提高外涵气流的温度和内涵的含氧量,在相同的供油方案下,使得燃烧效率提高14.9%.      

环形爆震室中火焰加速数值模拟及验证

对带不同数量孔板的环形爆震室进行数值模拟,并通过试验对数值计算进行验证,来研究火焰加速现象、爆燃向爆震转变过程和不同当量比下起爆距离.数值计算采用二维轴对称非定常Navier-Stokes方程来模拟流体动力学过程.研究发现用较低的点火能量对火焰混合区的可燃气点火产生低速火焰,低速火焰向环形爆震室射流并改变方向向出口传播,火焰在孔板的阻碍作用以及火焰诱导激波和反射波的加速作用下,由层流变为湍流,湍流火焰与其诱导激波相互加强,最终引爆未燃混气;还对爆震波在孔板区的传播过程进行了分析,对不同当量比下的火焰速度和起爆距离进行了模拟研究.      

变循环发动机模态转换数值模拟

对双外涵变循环发动机的模态转换过程进行了研究,设计了变循环发动机模态转换方案,确立了模态转换时的多部件调节规律,采用稳态模型对模态转换进行了数值模拟.结果表明,所设计的模态转换方案可行,能够使变循环发动机的涵道比发生明显改变,并有效提高了发动机在部分推力时的空气流量,与设计参数相同的常规涡扇发动机相比,其安装耗油率明显降低.      

Experiment of drag characteristics of a novel variable geometry flame-holder

A novel variable geometry flame-holder (VGF) based on V-gutter was presented. The structural characteristics of the flame holder were introduced. Experimental study on drag characteristics of the VGF on un-burning and burning states was conducted in a rectangular combustion test rig. The influence of the change of gutter trailing edge width w on pressure recovery in different operating conditions was analyzed emphatically. Furthermore,drag characteristics in different trailing edge width variation modes were discussed. Results show that: (1) Narrowing w can observably raise the total pressure recovery σ but the highest σ is not obtained at minimum w. (2) The relationship of drag coefficient ψ and w in the un-burning conditions can be well expressed in a form of exponential equation (w/d>0.4). (3) Drag characteristics are not sensitive to the variation modes and speeds of w . (4) In the burning condition,σ decreases with the increasing of w basically and the course can be divided into three stages. The results and experimental data presented in this paper would enhance the phenomenological understanding of this type of VGF,and would contribute to the next experimental study and numerical calculus of this novel VGF.      

轴流压缩系统带支板过渡段的轴对称等效方法

 航空发动机轴流压缩系统过渡段内存在厚支板,该支板造成的堵塞对过渡段的性能产生重要影响,同时也使过渡段内流动成为三维复杂流动,增加了设计难度。建立了一种等效方法,通过构造与带支板过渡段具有相似气动特性的轴对称过渡段,近似地等效原带支板过渡段,从而将复杂的三维问题简化为二维轴对称问题。首先,理论推导了带支板过渡段的轴对称等效方法;随后,通过数值模拟方法,对带支板过渡段和等效过渡段内的流动特性进行对比,结果表明等效过渡段不仅与带支板过渡段的静压分布吻合很好,并且两者具有相似的损失规律,说明等效方法能客观地反映支板对过渡段内流动的影响;最后,将轴对称等效方法应用于带支板过渡段原型的改进设计,改进设计后带支板过渡段支板与轮毂角区的大范围流动分离被消除,损失减小了41.6%。     

加力燃烧室热声振荡纵向传播特性及控制

建立了管道声传播与不稳定热释放耦合的热声振荡理论模型,并用来对复杂的航空发动机加力燃烧室中的纵向传播的振荡特征频率及稳定性进行分析和预测.利用二维定常计算流体动力学(CFD)模拟结果获得流动平均参数,在此基础上讨论了加力燃烧室内热释放位置、隔热屏穿孔率等结构的变化对热声振荡特性的影响,表明该模型能够方便地应用于对加力燃烧室热声振荡影响因素的研究并揭示某些控制规律.